英语中反身代词的用法

2024-09-18 英语语法

【摘要】：一、反身代词的基本形式反身代词是 oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有 myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselv

一、反身代词的基本形式

反身代词是 oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有 myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。

二、oneself与himself

当one指人时，其相应的反身代词通常用oneself, 在美国英语中也可用himself：

One should not praise oneself [himself]. 一个人不应该自吹自擂。

三、反身代词的句法功能：

1. 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末)：

The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。

Martin himself attended the sick man. 马丁亲自照顾病人。

Don't trouble to come over yourself. 你不必费神亲自来了。

You yourself said so. / You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的。

Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself. 不要把自己该做的事留给别人做。

2. 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)：

Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己。

He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权为自己做出决定。

He made no complaint for himself. 他没为自己抱怨什么。

She finally gained control of herself. 最后她控制住了自己。

She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。

Everybody here has the influenza including myself. 包括我在内所有人都患上流感。

The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭着哭着睡着了。

She convinced herself that it was so. 她说服自己情况是这样的。

He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。

3. 用作表语

The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。

【说明】有时用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态：

I'm not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。

I'll be myself again in no time. 我过一会儿就会好的。

4. 用作主语。在现代英语中，反身代词一般不能独立用作主语，但是它却可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部)，以及用于某些特殊结构(如as...as等)：

My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。

Jim's sister and himself get up at six every day. 吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。

He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一样担心。